Sharia-Structured Instrument Ijarah (manufacturing and processing service) + Musharakah (revenue participation in manufactured goods). Two independent transactions — never combined, netted, or described as components of a single return. Formal Sharia Board review recommended prior to CSA execution.
All financial figures prepared under IFRS. SAR primary / USD secondary. SAR/USD 3.75 (pegged, VERIFIED). Figures marked ESTIMATED unless LOCKED.

A 30-year Circular Supply Agreement converts nine Yanbu Industrial City material streams — including 80 TPD of polymer production waste from YANSAB and 60 TPD of high-vanadium petcoke ash from YASREF/SAMREF — into a Manufactured Goods Revenue Share returning to the Partner Authority from Year 2 onward, at zero Authority capital deployment. Phase Initial: 3 modules, 300 TPD, $165M Carbotura FDI.

CSA Configuration Options

THIS DOCUMENT MODELS OPTION A

Option A — Standard Election

Processing Service (Ijarah)
Authority pays for a defined manufacturing and processing service per ton processed
Revenue Share (Musharakah)
Authority receives share of manufactured goods revenue — commences 13 months after corresponding Processing Service payment, rolling monthly
Capital obligation
Zero — Carbotura designs, finances, builds, owns, operates
Year 2+ position
Revenue Share exceeds Processing Service — net surplus per ton, on 3-module volume

Option B — Sovereign Resource Royalty

Processing Service Fee
Zero
Structure
Different royalty mechanics — described in formal Proposal document
Capital obligation
Zero

Option A-IC — In-Country Revenue Participation Saudi-exclusive

Base structure
Option A plus in-country premium on V₂O₅, polymer-derived outputs, and carbon materials sold to Saudi institutional buyers
Target buyers
Saudi Aramco VRFB chain · SABIC · Ma'aden · NEOM OXAGON
In-country premium
+15% over export reference — ESTIMATED WARN-04
Activation
Requires ICO anchor buyer LOI WARN-04
Capital obligation
Zero
Independent Transactions — IFRS Requirement

Processing Service (Ijarah) and Manufactured Goods Revenue Share (Musharakah) are two independent transactions. They must not be combined, netted, or described as components of a single return. Year 1 and Year 2+ positions are materially different — never average them.

Strategic Context

Yanbu Industrial City is the western anchor of Saudi Arabia's industrial infrastructure — hosting YASREF (one of the world's largest heavy crude refineries), YANSAB (one of the Kingdom's largest petrochemical complexes), and SAMREF. The concentration of refinery and petrochemical output at Yanbu creates two high-value ACM feedstock streams absent from all other KSA regions:

  • High-vanadium petcoke ash from YASREF 400K bpd Arab Heavy crude processing — the largest single-site V₂O₅ feedstock volume in the national ACM network
  • Polymer production waste from YANSAB 4M tpy complex — HDPE, LLDPE, PP rejects and off-spec outputs with no incumbent circular processor

Carbotura ACM at Yanbu closes the MWAN mandate gap for the western industrial corridor while producing V₂O₅ for Saudi Arabia's 110 GW renewable energy storage program and advanced carbon materials for SABIC and NEOM OXAGON off-take.

The YANSAB-SABIC Circular Loop

YANSAB (SABIC 51%) generates polymer production waste → ACM converts to RC3/RC4 carbon materials and aromatics → SABIC procures for downstream applications. The same corporate entity that generates the feedstock waste (SABIC via YANSAB) is the natural off-take buyer for the manufactured outputs. This closed-loop alignment is exclusive to Yanbu.

SIRC subsidiary note: GEMS Yanbu operates the industrial waste management function within RCJY territory. As with Jubail, the CSA counterparty is SIRC (Saudi Investment Recycling Company, PIF subsidiary) — not GEMS directly. GEMS Yanbu is the operating entity.

Deployment

Phase Initial
300 TPD · 3 modules
RCJY Yanbu Industrial City
COD: Q4 2029 ESTIMATED

BOO Structure & Dual-Counterparty Rule

Two agreements — two independent counterparties
  1. SIRC CSA (Saudi Investment Recycling Company) — feedstock supply terms, Processing Service, Manufactured Goods Revenue Share. SIRC is a 100% PIF subsidiary.
  2. RCJY Manufacturing Site Deed (Royal Commission for Jubail and Yanbu) — land lease, industrial operating license, infrastructure access. Independent contract — RCJY is a separate entity from SIRC.

Direct FTE: 141 Phase Initial (47 per 100 TPD module × 3) (ESTIMATED — Subject to Nitaqat compliance; confirmed at Feasibility Study with HRSD — WARN-03)

RevCon™ Output — Phase Initial

300 TPD · 105,000 tpy · RC3 baseline · 350 operating days. Design-basis estimates. Not an offer.

Carbon and Organics (from all streams including polymer waste)

Product RevCon Annual tpy ESTIMATED Export Ref. $/ton
Carbon Black CRB-007RC2–RC3~6,500$800–$1,500
High-Purity Graphite CRB-008RC3~3,200$6,000–$10,000
Carbon Fiber Precursor CRB-009RC4~2,600$15,000–$22,000
Graphene Oxide CRB-010RC4~525$60,000–$100,000
Aromatics (BTX) ARM-003–005RC3~10,700$900–$2,000
Mineral Aggregate MIN-001RC1~12,500$30–$80

Critical Minerals (from petcoke ash — no WtE ash at Phase Initial)

Product RevCon Stream Export Ref.
Vanadium Pentoxide V₂O₅Outside RevCon Ref.YASREF/SAMREF petcoke ash$8–12/kg
NickelRC2–RC3Petcoke ash$12–18/kg
Gallium metalRC4 MTL-042Petcoke/coal ash$220–350/kg
MolybdenumRC3Refinery catalyst ash$25–40/kg

Note: No WtE ash stream at Yanbu Phase Initial — REE suite (Ce, La, Nd, Y, Li, Co) absent from Phase Initial scope. V₂O₅ from YASREF petcoke ash is the primary critical mineral product.

CSA Terms

CSA counterpartySaudi Investment Recycling Company (SIRC) — PIF subsidiary LOCKED
Site agreement counterpartyRoyal Commission for Jubail and Yanbu (RCJY) — separate entity LOCKED
Operating entityGEMS Yanbu (SIRC industrial division) — operational
Phase Initial volume105,000 tpy (300 TPD × 350 days) — 3 modules LOCKED
T0Q2 2027 ESTIMATED
Phase Initial CODQ4 2029 ESTIMATED
Revenue Share lag13 months rolling — independent transaction ALWAYS
CSA minimum term30 years from Phase Initial COD
ContinuationPerpetual unless Non-Renewal Notice (Year 28+, 24-month notice)
Capital obligationZero LOCKED
Carbotura FDI$165M (SAR 618.75M) · 3 modules · 300 TPD LOCKED

The CSA Exchange

Kingdom Provides
  • Waste streams assigned to Carbotura
  • Land + landfill deed transferred to Carbotura
  • Tax abatements (MISA + SEZA)
  • MAMP prepayment — SIRC pays Carbotura
  • $100M USD (SAR 375M)
Circular Supply Agreement
Perpetual instrument · 30-year minimum term
  • $55M USD (SAR 206M) per 100 TPD module
Kingdom Receives
  • Circular Royalty Stream
  • Exogenesis Royalty — $50 USD (SAR 187.50) per tonne
  • Authority capital at risk: $0

Programme Milestones

Remediation Site Deed — Year 4–5
Landfill sites deeded to Carbotura · Exogenesis Programme commences · Exogenesis Royalty TO Kingdom
Restored land reverts to Kingdom
Restoration certified · Remediation Site Deed closes · land returned
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EXOGENESIS PROTOCOL · LEGACY LANDFILL REMEDIATION

Urban Mining — Near-Zero by Design

"The Exogenesis Protocol for Urban Mining — Carbotura's Near-Zero Emissions, Near-Zero Waste, Near-Zero Discharge approach to legacy landfill recovery. Operating under a sealed, advancing membrane enclosure with point-of-excavation gas capture via the Atmospheric Protection System (APS) and a fully electric, remotely operated excavation fleet. No personnel enter the enclosure under any operational condition."

  • $50 USD (SAR 187.50) / tonneExogenesis Royalty paid to the Authority on every legacy tonne processed through the ACM facility.
  • 40,000–81,000 m²Advancing membrane enclosure footprint per unit; advances across the mine face as excavation proceeds.
  • In development · design-basisConcept positioning per SA_14. Engineering target. Saudi Green Initiative restoration upon completion.
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