Sharia-Structured Instrument Ijarah (manufacturing and processing service) + Musharakah (revenue participation in manufactured goods). Two independent transactions — never combined, netted, or described as components of a single return. Formal Sharia Board review recommended prior to CSA execution.
All financial figures prepared under IFRS. SAR primary / USD secondary. SAR/USD 3.75 (pegged, VERIFIED). Figures marked ESTIMATED unless LOCKED.

A 30-year Circular Supply Agreement converts eight Eastern Province material streams — led by 120 TPD of Ras Tanura Refinery petcoke ash, Saudi Arabia's highest-vanadium ash source nationally — into a Manufactured Goods Revenue Share returning to the Partner Authority from Year 2 onward, at zero Authority capital deployment. Programmatic commitment: 4 modules, 400 TPD, $220M Carbotura FDI.

CSA Configuration Options

THIS DOCUMENT MODELS OPTION A

Option A — Standard Election

Processing Service (Ijarah)
Authority pays for a defined manufacturing and processing service per ton processed
Revenue Share (Musharakah)
Authority receives a share of manufactured goods revenue — commences 13 months after the corresponding Processing Service payment, on a rolling monthly basis
Capital obligation
Zero — Carbotura designs, finances, builds, owns, and operates
Year 2+ position
Revenue Share exceeds Processing Service fee — generating a net surplus per ton processed

Option B — Sovereign Resource Royalty

Processing Service Fee
Zero
Structure
Different royalty mechanics — described in the formal Proposal document
Capital obligation
Zero

Option B+Exogenesis — Dual Royalty Streams

Processing Service Fee
Zero
Exogenesis eligibility
Exogenesis eligibility subject to MODON Eastern Province landfill classification — under review
Capital obligation
Zero

Option A-IC — In-Country Revenue Participation Saudi-exclusive

Base structure
Option A terms, plus in-country premium participation on RevCon™ outputs sold to Saudi institutional buyers
Target buyers (HIGHEST PRIORITY nationally)
Saudi Aramco VRFB supply chain (V₂O₅ from Ras Tanura ash — Aramco HQ adjacent) · Ma'aden (Ga, Ni from petcoke ash) · SABIC Eastern Province (Carbon Black) · NEOM OXAGON (Carbon Fiber, Graphene Oxide)
In-country premium
Estimated +15% over export reference (ESTIMATED — WARN-04). V₂O₅ to Aramco: highest national strategic priority — Aramco's own waste product to Aramco's own VRFB supply chain
V₂O₅ status
WARN-08 — engineering confirmation of petcoke ash configuration required before V₂O₅ included in client figures
Activation
Requires ICO anchor buyer LOI — WARN-05
Capital obligation
Zero
Independent Transactions — IFRS Requirement

The Processing Service (Ijarah) and Manufactured Goods Revenue Share (Musharakah) are two independent transactions. They must not be combined, netted, or described as components of a single return.

Strategic Context

The Energy Heartland

Dammam and the Eastern Province host Saudi Arabia's energy infrastructure — Saudi Aramco's global headquarters at Dhahran, the Ras Tanura Refinery and Export Terminal (the world's largest oil export facility), SABIC's Eastern Province petrochemical complex, and the King Abdulaziz Port at Dammam. The Eastern Province generates an estimated 3,486 TPD in industrial waste streams, growing at 8.08% CAGR — the highest growth rate in the Carbotura KSA programme.

The unique structural advantage of the Eastern Province is the Ras Tanura petcoke ash stream: 120 TPD of heavy crude petcoke ash containing the highest vanadium concentration of any ash source in the programme — an estimated 6× the V₂O₅ density of Jubail petcoke and 2× that of Yanbu. This positions Dammam as Saudi Arabia's primary V₂O₅ manufacturing site from circular feedstock.

MODON Authority Framework

MODON (Saudi Authority for Industrial Cities and Technology Zones) administers Dammam's industrial estates. MODON and SIRC are separate legal entities — the CSA counterparty is SIRC (100% PIF subsidiary); the Manufacturing Site Deed counterparty is MODON. Two independent contracts.

Ras Tanura Petcoke Ash — Saudi Arabia's Primary V₂O₅ Site

THE ARAMCO CIRCULAR LOOP — DAMMAM CONFIGURATION

Saudi Aramco's Ras Tanura Refinery processes heavy, sour crude with among the highest vanadium content of any crude in the world. Vanadium concentrates in petcoke and accumulates further in fly ash when petcoke is combusted. Carbotura recovers V₂O₅ from Ras Tanura ash. V₂O₅ feeds directly into Aramco's Vanadium Redox Flow Battery supply chain for Saudi Arabia's 110 GW renewable energy storage programme. Aramco's own refinery waste → Aramco's own energy storage supply chain — and Aramco's headquarters is 30 km from Ras Tanura.

Site Petcoke ash TPD V₂O₅ relative density Status
Ras Tanura (Dammam) 120 Highest nationally ESTIMATED WARN-08
YASREF/SAMREF (Yanbu) 60 High ESTIMATED WARN-08
RCJY industrial (Jubail) 20 Moderate ESTIMATED WARN-08

WARN-08 — V₂O₅ recovery from petcoke ash requires Carbotura engineering confirmation for high-vanadium feedstock configuration. Vanadium concentration varies by crude source. Site-specific petcoke ash analysis required before committing V₂O₅ volumes in any client-facing document.

SIRC Subsidiary Portfolio Completion

Carbotura processes the residual output of every SIRC subsidiary at the Eastern Province:

  • Yadoum MSW → RDF (RC1). Non-RDF fluff = ACM feedstock
  • Akam C&D → aggregate (RC1). C&D fluff = ACM feedstock
  • ELECTA EoL vehicles → metals (RC1). ASR = ACM feedstock
  • GEMS industrial hazardous management. Sludge = ACM feedstock
  • SABIC Eastern Province petrochemical operational waste — SABIC/SIRC existing partnership, additive stream

Circular Sukuk Opportunity

The CSA structure is compatible with an Islamic sukuk instrument. The Dammam deployment carries the highest strategic value in the KSA programme for a sukuk structure: V₂O₅ manufactured from Aramco's waste stream, sold to Aramco's VRFB supply chain, constitutes a tangible and strategically critical asset base.

PIF energy heartland alignment: PIF owns SIRC (CSA counterparty). Aramco is 98% owned by the Saudi government / PIF. The same sovereign principal owns the feedstock originator (Aramco petcoke), the CSA counterparty (SIRC), and the primary V₂O₅ buyer (Aramco VRFB chain). This is the tightest integrated PIF position in the programme.

Sharia Board Review Required

This document does not constitute a Sharia certification or sukuk prospectus. Formal Sharia Board review is recommended prior to CSA execution.

Deployment

Phase Roadmap — 4-Module Programme

Phase Initial
100 TPD · 1 module
MODON Dammam IC / Ras Tanura adjacent
COD: Q2 2030
Phase Medium
200 TPD · 2 modules
MODON IC (same or adjacent)
COD: Q4 2031
Full Programme
400 TPD · 4 modules
Eastern Province IC network
$220M Carbotura FDI LOCKED

BOO Structure & Dual-Counterparty Rule

Two agreements — two independent counterparties
  1. SIRC CSA (Saudi Investment Recycling Company) — feedstock supply terms, Processing Service, Manufactured Goods Revenue Share. SIRC is a 100% PIF subsidiary.
  2. MODON Manufacturing Site Deed (Saudi Authority for Industrial Cities and Technology Zones) — land lease, industrial operating license, infrastructure access. Independent contract.

Ras Tanura petcoke ash requires a separate feedstock agreement with Aramco / RCJY industrial operators — independent of the SIRC CSA. WARN-08 must be resolved before this agreement is executed.

Direct FTE: 47 Phase Initial · 188 Full Programme (4 modules) (ESTIMATED — Subject to Nitaqat compliance; in-Kingdom composition confirmed at Feasibility Study with HRSD)

RevCon™ Output — Phase Initial (100 TPD)

100 TPD · 35,000 tpy · RC3 baseline · 350 operating days. Design-basis estimates. Not an offer. Full 4-module programme: 400 TPD · 140,000 tpy.

Carbon and Organics (from MSW / commercial / ELT / ASR / contaminated)

Product RevCon Annual tpy (Phase Initial) ESTIMATED Export Ref. $/ton
High-Purity Graphite CRB-008 RC3 1,068 $6,000–$10,000
Carbon Black CRB-007 RC2–RC3 2,188 $800–$1,500
Carbon Fiber Precursor CRB-009 RC4 875 $15,000–$22,000
Graphene Oxide CRB-010 RC4 175 $60,000–$100,000
Aromatics (BTX) ARM-003–005 RC3 3,589 $900–$2,000

Critical Minerals (from Ras Tanura petcoke ash) WARN-08 — engineering confirmation pending

Product RevCon Stream Export Ref.
Vanadium Pentoxide V₂O₅ WARN-08 Outside RevCon Ref. Ras Tanura petcoke ash $8–12/kg
Nickel RC2–RC3 MTL-011 Petcoke ash (co-concentrated with V) $12–18/kg
Gallium metal RC4 MTL-042 Petcoke/coal ash $220–350/kg

All V₂O₅ volumes TBD pending WARN-08 engineering confirmation. V₂O₅ and associated minerals not included in Option A base case — additive under Option A-IC pending LOI confirmation. All ESTIMATED.

CSA Terms

CSA counterparty Saudi Investment Recycling Company (SIRC) — PIF subsidiary LOCKED
Site agreement counterparty Saudi Authority for Industrial Cities and Technology Zones (MODON) — separate entity LOCKED
CSA structure Ijarah (Processing Service) + Musharakah (Revenue Share)
Phase Initial volume 35,000 tpy (100 TPD × 350 days) LOCKED
Full programme volume 140,000 tpy (400 TPD × 350 days · 4 modules)
T0 Q4 2027 ESTIMATED
Phase Initial COD Q2 2030 ESTIMATED
Revenue Share lag 13 months rolling — independent transaction ALWAYS
First Revenue Share ~Q3 2031 DERIVED
CSA minimum term 30 years from Phase Initial COD
ContinuationPerpetual unless Non-Renewal Notice (Year 28+, 24-month notice)
Capital obligation Zero LOCKED
Carbotura FDI commitment $55M per 100 TPD module · $220M (SAR 825M) full programme (4 modules) LOCKED
PIF alignment PIF owns SIRC (CSA counterparty). Aramco ~98% Saudi government / PIF. V₂O₅ feedstock originator and primary buyer both Aramco entities

The CSA Exchange

Kingdom Provides
  • Waste streams assigned to Carbotura
  • Land + landfill deed transferred to Carbotura
  • Tax abatements (MISA + SEZA)
  • MAMP prepayment — SIRC pays Carbotura
  • $100M USD (SAR 375M)
Circular Supply Agreement
Perpetual instrument · 30-year minimum term
  • $55M USD (SAR 206M) per 100 TPD module
Kingdom Receives
  • Circular Royalty Stream
  • Exogenesis Royalty — $50 USD (SAR 187.50) per tonne
  • Authority capital at risk: $0

Programme Milestones

Remediation Site Deed — Year 4–5
Landfill sites deeded to Carbotura · Exogenesis Programme commences · Exogenesis Royalty TO Kingdom
Restored land reverts to Kingdom
Restoration certified · Remediation Site Deed closes · land returned
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EXOGENESIS PROTOCOL · LEGACY LANDFILL REMEDIATION

Urban Mining — Near-Zero by Design

"The Exogenesis Protocol for Urban Mining — Carbotura's Near-Zero Emissions, Near-Zero Waste, Near-Zero Discharge approach to legacy landfill recovery. Operating under a sealed, advancing membrane enclosure with point-of-excavation gas capture via the Atmospheric Protection System (APS) and a fully electric, remotely operated excavation fleet. No personnel enter the enclosure under any operational condition."

  • $50 USD (SAR 187.50) / tonneExogenesis Royalty paid to the Authority on every legacy tonne processed through the ACM facility.
  • 40,000–81,000 m²Advancing membrane enclosure footprint per unit; advances across the mine face as excavation proceeds.
  • In development · design-basisConcept positioning per SA_14. Engineering target. Saudi Green Initiative restoration upon completion.
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